Ketosis
Ketosis is the process during which the body derives energy from fat. Ketosis is not a state the body actually prefers to be in- we derive most of our energy from glucose (simple sugar), which is provided by the carbohydrate element of your diet.
The low-carbohydrate diet fads actually promote Ketosis. By not supplying the body with an adequate supply of carbohydrate, energy has to be taken from fat reserves. Over long periods of time this can be dangerous, as the blood acidity level rises and this in turn is known to cause Liver and Kidney damage.