Periodization
Periodization is the name given to a long term training plan designed to achieve peak fitness in time for an event or competitive season. It is the development of the capability to perform certain tasks or to develop certain physiological capabilities over a given period, by using specific training techniques.
A classic example of Periodization training can be seen in Football and Rugby pre-season training. The fitness coaches have to improve the speed, stamina, acceleration, agility and flexibility of the players in time for the season start, so will structure a training program in order to achieve this in the time scale.